Osteoporosis is a serious health problem that decreases the quality of life and imposes an individual and social financial burden. Lifestyle choices throughout life have an impact on osteoporosis and fracture risk. Characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural damage to bone tissue, it results in increased bone fragility and, consequently, an increased risk of fracture. The prevalence of osteoporosis increases exponentially with age and is much more common in postmenopausal women. For older adults, for whom falls contribute significantly to fracture risk, physical activity should aim to improve muscle strength and balance. It is important to note that the maximum benefits of physical activity on bone health depend on adequate nutrient intake, especially calcium and vitamin D, and hormonal status. As a preventive measure, we recommend an adequate intake of calcium, protein and vitamin D (through diet and/or food supplements) in childhood and adolescence, in order to create a resilient bone structure, accompanied by a healthy lifestyle in the cycle of life (marked by regular physical exercise, sun exposure, avoiding risk factors that eliminate calcium from the body or those that block the absorption of calcium and vitamin D), both effectively complemented by nutritional education in the community.